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Glossary

Term
Meaning
  Non breaking space (HTML). The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space. Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write 10 spaces in your text HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the   character entity.
Active technologies (such as ActiveX controls, Active document containment, OLE, and so on) use the Component Object Model (COM) to enable software components to interact with one another in a networked environment, regardless of the language with which they were created. Active technologies can be used to create applications that run on the desktop or the Internet.
ADO.NET (From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET) ADO.NET is a set of computer software components that can be used by programmers to access data and data services. It is a part of the base class library that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework. It is commonly used by programmers to access and modify data stored in relational database systems, though it can also be used to access data in non-relational sources. ADO.NET is sometimes considered an evolution of ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) technology, but was changed so extensively that it can be conceived of as an entirely new product. (continues)
ASP Active Server Pages - See http://www.w3schools.com/asp/default.asp
ASP.NET Microsoft® ASP.NET is a set of technologies in the Microsoft .NET Framework for building Web applications and XML Web services. ASP.NET pages execute on the server and generate markup such as HTML, WML, or XML that is sent to a desktop or mobile browser. ASP.NET pages use a compiled, event-driven programming model that improves performance and enables the separation of application logic and user interface. ASP.NET pages and ASP.NET XML Web services files contain server-side logic (as opposed to client-side logic) written in Microsoft® Visual Basic® .NET, Microsoft® Visual C#® .NET, or any Microsoft®.NET Framework-compatible language.
Assembly A managed DLL
C# An object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA and ISO. Anders Hejlsberg leads development of the C# language, which has a procedural, object-oriented syntax based on C++ and includes aspects of several other programming languages (most notably Delphi and Java) with a particular emphasis on simplification.
CAS Code Access Security - CAS is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running. For example, it is CAS that will prevent a .NET web applet from formatting your hard disk.
CGI Common Gateway Interface. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard protocol for interfacing external application software with an information server, commonly a web server. This allows the server to pass requests from a client web browser to the external application. The web server can then return the output from the application to the web browser.
Class A class is an organized store-house in object-oriented programming that gives coherent functional abilities to a group of related code. It is the definition of an object, made up of software code. Using classes, we may wrap data and behaviour together (Encapsulation). We may define classes in terms of classes (Inheritance). We can also override the behaviour of a class using an alternate behaviour (Polymorphism). It is important to note that a class is a Reference Type. A Base Class is a class that is inherited by another class. In .NET, a class may inherit from only one class.
Class Library (.NET Framework) The .NET Framework includes classes, interfaces, and value types that expedite and optimize the development process and provide access to system functionality. To facilitate interoperability between languages, the .NET Framework types are CLS-compliant and can therefore be used from any programming language whose compiler conforms to the common language specification (CLS). The .NET Framework types are the foundation on which .NET applications, components, and controls are built. The .NET Framework includes types that perform the following functions: Represent base data types and exceptions. Encapsulate data structures. Perform I/O. Access information about loaded types. Invoke .NET Framework security checks. Provide data access, rich client-side GUI, and server-controlled, client-side GUI. The .NET Framework provides a rich set of interfaces, as well as abstract and concrete (non-abstract) classes. You can use the concrete classes as is or, in many cases, derive your own classes from them. To use the functionality of an interface, you can either create a class that implements the interface or derive a class from one of the .NET Framework classes that implements the interface.
Cloud computingFrom Wikipedia: Cloud computing is Internet-based ("cloud") development and use of computer technology ("computing"). The cloud is a metaphor for the Internet (based on how it is depicted in computer network diagrams) and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals. It is a style of computing in which IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service”, allowing users to access technology-enabled services from the Internet ("in the cloud")without knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that supports them. According to the IEEE Computer Society, "It is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc." Cloud computing is a general concept that incorporates software as a service (SaaS), Web 2.0 and other recent, well-known technology trends, in which the common theme is reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. For example, Google Apps provides common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
CLR Common Language Runtime (vedi anche CTS, SQL CLR)
Collation Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order. This is commonly called alphabetisation, though collation is not limited to ordering letters of the alphabet. Collating lists of words or names into alphabetical order is the basis of most office filing systems, library catalogs and reference books.
COM COM (Component Object Model)—A software architecture developed by Microsoft to build component-based applications. COM objects are discrete components, each with a unique identity, which expose interfaces that allow applications and other components to access their features. COM objects are more versatile that Win32 DLLs because they are completely language independent, have built-in interprocess communications capability, and easily fit into an Object-Oriented program design. COM was first released in 1993 with OLE2, largely to replace the interprocess communication mechanism Dynamic Data Exchanged (DDE) used by the initial release of OLE. See COM+. COM+—The "next generation" of the COM and DCOM software architectures. COM+ (pronounced "COM plus") makes it easier to design and construct distributed, transactional, and component-based applications using a multi-tiered architecture. COM+ also supports the use of many new services, such as Just-in-Time Activation, object pooling, and Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) 2.0. The use of COM, DCOM, and COM+ in application design will eventually be entirely replaced by the Microsoft .NET Framework. COM+ 2.0—This was one of the pre-release names for the original Microsoft .NET Framework. See also Web Services Platform. COM Callable Wrapper (CCW)—A metadata wrapper that allows COM components to access managed .NET objects. The CCW is generated at runtime when a COM client loads a .NET object. The .NET assembly must first be registered using the Assembly Registration Tool. See Runtime Callable Wrapper (RCW).
Constructor A function that instanciates a class. --- A special method used in object oriented programming which puts the object's members into a valid state. See constructor (computer science). --- A method that is automatically called when an object is created. The constructor is used to initialize the object and place it in a valid state (e.g., setting the values of member variables). The constructor method always has the same identifier as the class in which it is defined. See Destructor. --- A constructor is a special type of method. It initializes an object immediately upon creation. It has the same name as the class in which it resides. A constructor is automatically called immediately after an object is created, before the new operator completes. A constructor can be marked as public, protected, or private. It has no explicit return type, not even void. --- A constructor is a function with the same name as that of the class. The Default Constructor of a class is without an argument. The default constructor ensures that every member data is initialized to a default value. Constructors provide a way for classes to initialize a state for their members. Note that constructors dont have a return type(not even void). ---- Constructor is a method which will be executed when an object is created. It is used to Initialize the object. Constructors has the same name as the class name. Constructors will take parameters. Constructors does not return any value ---- Constructor is a sub program which executes automatically when we create object for the class. In vb.net we can declare using 'new key word', in c# it can declare by class name. But shared constructors can execute only once when we define the object at first to the class. Constructors are used to initialised the variables.
CSS Cascading Style Sheet Styles (see http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/75ydzzy6(VS.80).aspx)
CTS The Common Type System (CTS) is used by every language built on the .NET Framework. A fundamental part of the .NET Framework is Common Language Runtime (CLR), the CTS specifies no particular syntax or keywords, but instead defines a common set of types that can be used with many different language syntaxes. Each language is free to define any syntax it wishes, but if that language is built on the CLR, it will use at least some of the types defined by the CTS. While the creator of a CLR-based language is free to implement only a subset of the types defined by the CTS. Visual Basic.NET, C#, and pretty much every other language used with the .NET Framework rely heavily on the CTS..
Database Normal Forms First Normal Form: eliminate any repeating groups. Example of violation 1: list of multiple values in the same field. Example 1: "5 - Tofu, 6 - Chowder". Example of violation 2: multiple occurrence of very similar fields to hold similar data (code1, description1, code2, description 2) Second Normal Form: non-key fields depend on all of the fields in the primary key. (example ov violation: customer code in a record with key order code+product code violates the 2NF because customer code depends only on order code, not on product code) Third Normal Form: no fields depend on other non-key fields. Example of violation: customer name and customer code together in orders table.
DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model)—An extension of the Microsoft Component Object Model (COM) that allows COM components to communicate across network boundaries. Traditional COM components can only perform interprocess communication across process boundaries on the same machine. DCOM uses the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) mechanism to transparently send and receive information between COM components (i.e., clients and servers) on the same network. DCOM was first made available in 1995 with the initial release of Windows NT 4.
Deprecated A deprecated element or attribute is one that has been outdated. Deprecated elements may become obsolete in the future, but browsers should continue to support deprecated elements for backward compatibility.
DHTML Short for Dynamic HTML. DHTML allows absolute positioning of page elements such as text and images, and it also separates style from content so for example you can change the fonts used throughout your site by modifying just one file. When used in conjunction with JavaScript, DHTML can be used to achieve dynamic tasks that are normally impossible with plain vanilla HTML such as moving page elements across the browser window and creating pop-up menus.
DLL A dynamic-link library (DLL) is an executable file that acts as a shared library of functions. Dynamic linking provides a way for a process to call a function that is not part of its executable code. The executable code for the function is located in a DLL, which contains one or more functions that are compiled, linked, and stored separately from the processes that use them. DLLs also facilitate the sharing of data and resources. Multiple applications can simultaneously access the contents of a single copy of a DLL in memory. Dynamic linking differs from static linking in that it allows an executable module (either a .dll or .exe file) to include only the information needed at run time to locate the executable code for a DLL function. In static linking, the linker gets all of the referenced functions from the static link library and places it with your code into your executable. Using dynamic linking instead of static linking offers several advantages. DLLs save memory, reduce swapping, save disk space, upgrade easier, provide after-market support, provide a mechanism to extend the MFC library classes, support multilanguage programs, and ease the creation of international versions.
DOM Document Object Model - is the foundation of JavaScript.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) DSL is the optimal connection for today's small-to-medium business because of its speed and flexibility. DSL is a high-speed transmission technology using existing copper wiring; this allows high-speed data communication. It is popular because the copper wire eliminates the cost of a local loop for connection. xDSL refers to different variations of DSL, such as IDSL, ADSL, HDSL, and RADSL.
DSN Data Source Name (nel contesto ODBC)
EDGE Vel. max 200 kbps
ECMAScript JavaScript or JScript
Frontpage extensions From Wikipedia: Software technology that allows Microsoft FrontPage clients to communicate with web servers, and provide additional functionality intended for websites. Frequent security problems have marked the history of this Microsoft proprietary technology. It relies on HTTP protocol for communication, and CGI/POST for server side processing. Software IDE Microsoft Visual Studio 6 uses this technology for file synchronization purposes, and strongly depends on this technology for file management. .NET Microsoft products obsoleted this in favor of WebDAV. Vedi anche http://www.abiglime.com/webmaster/articles/frontpage/042198.htm
GUID Globally unique identifier
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IDSL IDSL is DSL at 144 KBPS uses ISDN transmission. IDSL does not use any kind of dial up nor involve per-call fees. For those that live too far. IDSL is the only DSL option. IDSL tends to be priced at a rather higher rate per bit of speed, than any regular DSL. IDSL can still be a very satisfactory solution for data transmission compared to the alternatives (modem).
IIS Microsoft Internet Information Server ---- Microsoft Internet Information Services is a powerful Web server that provides a highly reliable, manageable, and scalable Web application infrastructure for all versions of Windows Server 2003. IIS helps organizations increase Web site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. IIS 6.0 supports the Microsoft Dynamic Systems Initiative (DSI) with automated health monitoring, process isolation, and improved management capabilities.
Intellisense (from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellisense) IntelliSense™ is a form of automated autocompletion popularized by the Microsoft Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment. It also serves as documentation and disambiguation for variable names, functions and methods using metadata reflection. Using IntelliSense is a convenient way to access descriptions of functions, particularly their parameter lists. It speeds up software development by reducing the amount of keyboard input required. It also allows less reference to external documentation as documentation on many functions appears with the function name.
Late binding An object is late bound when it is assigned to a variable that is declared to be of type Object. Because Option Strict On provides strong typing, prevents unintended type conversions with data loss, disallows late binding, and improves performance, its use is strongly recommended.
MFC The Microsoft Foundation Class Library is an application framework for programming in Microsoft Windows. Written in C++, MFC provides much of the code necessary for managing windows, menus, and dialog boxes; performing basic input/output; storing collections of data objects; and so on. All you need to do is add your application-specific code into this framework. Given the nature of C++ class programming, it is easy to extend or override the basic functionality that the MFC framework supplies. The MFC framework is a powerful approach that lets you build upon the work of expert programmers for Windows. MFC shortens development time; makes code more portable; provides tremendous support without reducing programming freedom and flexibility; and gives easy access to "hard to program" user-interface elements and technologies, like Active technology, OLE, and Internet programming. Furthermore, MFC simplifies database programming through Data Access Objects (DAO) and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), and network programming through Windows Sockets. MFC makes it easy to program features like property sheets ("tab dialogs"), print preview, and floating, customizable toolbars.
Moniker In general, a moniker is a name or a nickname and, in the simplest terms, that is what it is in computer terminology as well. A moniker is an object (or component) in Microsoft's Component Object Model (com) that refers to a specific instance of another object. Monikers originated in Microsoft's Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology as a means of linking objects.
MySQL A multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS) which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, which holds the copyright to most of the codebase. This is similar to the JBoss model and how the Free Software Foundation handles copyright in its projects, and dissimilar to how the Apache project does it, where the software is developed by a public community and the copyright to the codebase is owned by its individual authors. MySQL vs SQL Server comparison The SQL Server 2000 advantages: SQL Server 2000 holds the top TPC-C performance and price/performance results. SQL Server 2000 is generally accepted as easier to install, use and manage. Transact-SQL is more powerful language than MySQL dialect. The MySQL version 4.1 advantages: MySQL version 4.1 supports all known platforms, not only the Windows-based platforms. MySQL version 4.1 requires less hardware resources. You can use MySQL version 4.1 without any payment under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Namespaces The .NET Framework class library is comprised of namespaces. Each namespace contains types that you can use in your program: classes, structures, enumerations, delegates, and interfaces. For an overview of the namespaces, see Class Library. Namespaces provide scope: Two classes with the same name can be used in your program as long as they are in different namespaces and as long as you qualify the names to the namespaces. The namespace name is part of the fully qualified name of the type (namespace.typename). All namespaces shipped by Microsoft begin with one of two names: System or Microsoft.
ODBC Open DataBase Connectivity
OLE OLE is a mechanism that allows users to create and edit documents containing items or "objects" created by multiple applications. OLE was originally an acronym for Object Linking and Embedding. However, it is now referred to as OLE. Parts of OLE not related to linking and embedding are now part of Active technology. OLE documents, historically called compound documents, seamlessly integrate various types of data, or components. Sound clips, spreadsheets, and bitmaps are typical examples of components found in OLE documents. Supporting OLE in your application allows your users to use OLE documents without worrying about switching between the different applications; OLE does the switching for you.
PR Page Rank (in Search Engines)
RSS Really Simple Syndication oppure RDF (Resource Description Framework) Site Summary
SERP Search Engine Result Page
SQL CLR SQL CLR or SQLCLR (SQL Common Language Runtime) is technology for hosting of the Microsoft .NET common language runtime engine within SQL Server. The SQLCLR allows managed code to be hosted by, and run in, the Microsoft SQL Server environment. This technology, introduced in Microsoft SQL Server 2005, allow users for example to create the following types of managed code objects in SQL Server in .NET languages such as C# or VB.NET. stored procedures (SP's) which are analogous to procedures or void functions in procedural languages like VB or C, triggers which are stored procedures that fire in response to Data Manipulation Language (DML) or Data Definition Language (DDL) events, user-defined functions (UDF's) which are analagous to functions in procedural languages, user-defined aggregates (UDA's) which allow developers to create custom aggregates that act on sets of data instead of one row at a time, user-defined types (UDT's) that allow users to create simple or complex data types which can be serialized and deserialized within the database. The SQL CLR relies on the creation, deployment, and registration of .NET assemblies, which are physically stored in managed code dynamic load libraries (DLL's). These assemblies may contain .NET namespaces, classes, functions and properties.
SSIS Il componente Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) è uno strumento di Extract Transform Load (ETL) presente all'interno di Microsoft SQL Server 2005. (da http://www.programmazione.it/index.php?entity=eitem&idItem=36061)
Strong typing See "late binding"
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
Themes ASP.NET themes are a collection of properties that define the appearance of pages and controls in your Web site. A theme can include skin files, which define property settings for ASP.NET Web server controls, and can also include cascading style sheet files (.css files) and graphics. By applying a theme, you can give the pages in your Web site a consistent appearance.
Transact-SQL From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQL : Sometimes abbreviated T-SQL, Transact-SQL is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to the SQL language. Microsoft's implementation ships in the Microsoft SQL Server product. Sybase uses the language in its Adaptive Server Enterprise, the successor to Sybase SQL Server. In order to make it more powerful, SQL has been enhanced with additional features such as: Control-of-flow language (Keywords for flow control in Transact-SQL include BEGIN and END, BREAK, CONTINUE, GOTO, IF and ELSE, RETURN, WAITFOR, and WHILE.) Local variables Various support functions for string processing, date processing, mathematics, etc. Improvements to DELETE and UPDATE statements
Types Types—A set of data and function members that are combined to form the modular units used to build a .NET applications. Pre-defined types exist within the CLR and user-defined types are created by programmers. Types include enumerations, structures, classes, standard modules, interfaces, and delegates. See Type members.
UDA Universal Data Access. Microsoft's latest tool for UDA is ADO.NET, a comprehensive set of objects that work together to make up a data access layer.
UDF in SQL Server: User-defined function
UNC Share A UNC share is a shared folder that is identified by a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name. A UNC name is a name of the form \\machine\directory\file.dat. The machine component of the UNC name is the name of the machine where the directory is stored. UNC shares are accessed using the NetBIOS protocol, usually running over TCP/IP (the Internet protocol family). To exploit this vulnerability, the malicious user could simply host the HTML Help file on a UNC share on his server. But if the visitor's machine were behind a firewall that blocked the NetBIOS protocols (as is recommended by best practices), then the user's machine would not be able to access an HTML Help file, and therefore could not be affected by the vulnerability.
Unicode From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. Developed in tandem with the Universal Character Set standard and published in book form as The Unicode Standard, Unicode consists of a character repertoire, an encoding methodology and set of standard character encodings, a set of code charts for visual reference, an enumeration of character properties such as upper and lower case, a set of reference data computer files, and rules for normalization, decomposition, collation and rendering. The Unicode Consortium, the non-profit organization that coordinates Unicode's development, has the ambitious goal of eventually replacing existing character encoding schemes with Unicode and its standard Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) schemes, as many of the existing schemes are limited in size and scope and are incompatible with multilingual environments. Unicode's success at unifying character sets has led to its widespread and predominant use in the internationalization and localization of computer software. The standard has been implemented in many recent technologies, including XML, the Java programming language and modern operating systems. Vedi anche : http://books.huihoo.org/dive-into-python/2.0_it/html/xml_processing/unicode.html
VbScript Supported only by IE, meglio usare Javascript. Converter (translator) at http://slingfive.com/pages/code/scriptConverter/demo.html (FUNZIONA SOLO CON INTERNET EXPLORER)
Visual Web Developer A free web development tool that allows anyone to evaluate the web development and editing capabilities of the other Visual Studio 2005 editions at no charge. Its main function is to create ASP.NET websites.
Web 2.0 From Wikipedia: Web 2.0 is a term describing the trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies. The term became notable after the first O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specifications, but to changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web.
Wi-Fi  From Wikipedia: Wi-Fi was originally a brand licensed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to describe the embedded technology of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. As of 2007, common use of the term Wi-Fi has broadened to describe the generic wireless interface of mobile computing devices, such as laptops in LANs. A person with a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC, cell phone or PDA can connect to the Internet when in proximity of an access point. The region covered by one or several access points is called a hotspot. Hotspots can range from a single room to many square miles of overlapping hotspots. Wi-Fi can also be used to create a mesh network. Both architectures are used in community networks.
Wiki(Hawaiian-language word for fast.) A wiki is a collaborative website which can be directly edited by anyone with access to it.
WINSS Windows Internet Name Service. enables NetBIOS name resolution. Presence of the WINS server(s) is crucial for locating the network resources identified using NetBIOS names. WINS servers are required unless all domains have been upgraded to Active Directory and all computers on the network are running Windows 2000.
XHTML The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax.
XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own tags. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of data across different information systems, particularly via the Internet. It is a simplified subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and is designed to be relatively human-legible. By adding semantic constraints, application languages can be implemented in XML. These include XHTML, RSS, MathML, GraphML, Scalable Vector Graphics, MusicXML, and thousands of others. Moreover, XML is sometimes used as the specification language for such application languages.


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